List of crude oils c rude name alphabets order crude name state country page abouzar ardeshir iran 1. The shorter the paraffins are, the lighter the crude is. Petroleum, or crude oil, is a naturally occurring liquid that originates from the carboniferous period about 200 to 400 million years ago. The contents of a barrel of crude oil may seem straightforward a dark, thick substance used for heat and fuel. Different types of crude oil yield a different mix of products, depending on the crude oils natural qualities. Unfortunately, the properties routinely measured by oil producers and refiners are not the ones that onscene commanders need to know most urgently. Step 1 in the refining process is to remove these contaminants so as to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and. As we have now established, crude oil is a term used to describe many different types of raw oil extracted from the ground. Crude oil with low content of sulfur means sweet and the presence of high content sulfur is known as sour. Oil prices fluctuate on the faintest whisper of news regarding pricing, which makes it a favorite of swing and day traders looking for an edge. In case of oil spills, which have happened occasionally throughout the history of oil transportation, each oil type requires different measures to minimise any potential hazard.
Oil filters have different media, or membranes, inside them that filter out and clear the contaminants of the motor oil as it circulates. The distillation process of crude oil is the main concern of this paper. Oil petroleumor crude oilis a fossil fuel that is found in large quantities beneath the earths surface and is often used as a fuel or raw material in the chemical industry. What is the difference between crude oil, petroleum. Petroleum has remained an important aspect of our lives and will do so. The basics of crude oil classification the balance. History, process and products nearly every aspect of our modern lifestyle is impacted by oil. It is a smelly, yellowtoblack liquid and is usually found in underground areas called reservoirs. Characteristics of crude oil the hydrocarbons in crude oil can generally be divided into four categories. An introduction to the different types of crude oil petro. Density is a state function and for a pure compound depends on both temperature and pressure and is shown by liquid. Petroleum includes not only crude oil, but all liquid, gaseous and solid hydrocarbons. Physical and chemical properties of crude oils and their.
Pdf distillation process of crude oil researchgate. Density ranges from light to heavy, while sulfur content is characterized as sweet or sour. Introduction properties of crude oils and oil products vii during any oil spill incident, the properties of the spilled oil must be known immediately. A detailed guide on the many different types of crude oil. Liquid petroleum pumped from a well is called crude oil. Ghg emission factors for high carbon intensity crude oils. Study and evaluation for different types of sudanese crude. In reality, there are different types of crude oil the thick, unprocessed liquid that drillers extract below the earth and some are more desirable than others. Under surface pressure and temperature conditions, lighter hydrocarbons methane, ethane, propane and butane exist as gases, while pentane and heavier hydrocarbons are in the form of liquids or solids. Petroleum forms by the breaking down of large molecules of fats, oils and waxes that. It contains heartfriendly mufa that lowers the level of bad cholesterol in our body without lowering the levels of good cholesterol. Jun 19, 2019 what are the different types of crude oil. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons that exists as a liquid in underground geologic formations and remains a liquid when brought to the surface.
Each crude oil is unique and is a complex mixture of thousands of compounds. Pdf classification of crude oils and its fractions on the basis of. In the current research, it is expected to investigate the effect of such compounds of crude oils on the rate of corrosion of seven different types of ferrous metals which are frequently used in the crude oil refining industries. What are the different types of crude oil transported by. When oil spills do occasionally occur, each oil poses different challenges and priorities during the cleanup.
The four main types of crude oil plainsman manufacturing. Oxygen occurs in different forms in oxygenbearing resinous substances. Introduction composition and classification of crude oils. Crude oil characteristics research sampling, analysis and experiment sae plan the u. Crude oils also contain a great variety of heteroatomic chemical constituents, comprising of crude oil. There are in fact 4 main types, from light oils such as gasoline and jet fuel to heavy fuel oils. Physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products. Crude oil testing and assay services provided by intertek support customers from the wellhead to the refinery across the world. Jan 04, 2020 in reality, there are different types of crude oil the thick, unprocessed liquid that drillers extract below the earth and some are more desirable than others.
It contains heartfriendly mufa that lowers the level of bad cholesterol in our body without. What is the difference between crude oil, petroleum products. There are almost 200 different varieties of oil available for sale today, but the three most common and most talked about are west texas intermediate wti, brent blend and opec basket. Founded in 1960, opec, or the organisation of petroleumexporting countries, is one of the major players in the oil industry, managing oil production and sale within its jurisdiction. According to energy information administration eia, crude oil is classified mainly based on two important parameters, namely the density and sulfur content. Study on the effect of different types of crude oils on. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons, often found together with natural gas. This crude oil market is a liquid one and due to the price volatility, there are always profit opportunities on both the long and the short side of the market. Characteristics of crude oil crude oil varies in colour from nearly colourless to tar black, and in viscosity from close to that of water to almost solid. Crude oils have various attributes that make them more or less attractive to refiners. Crude oil is one of the better commodities on which to trade futures contracts. They tend to be very volatile, evaporating within a few. Analyses based on the content of the various structural types in crude oils. Many types of crude oil are produced around the world.
Here, we reported the ideas of different processes of distillations and their steps. In fact, there are many different grades and varieties of crude oil with vast differences in colour, weight and volatility. Each crude oil reservoir and stream has unique properties and characteristics. The type of oil spilled affects cleanup methods, and different types of oil spills have different effects on wildlife and human habitats. Ghg emission factors for high carbon intensity crude oils september 2010 ver. Hence, to understand the fundamentals of petroleum refining, one must begin with crude oil. Physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products 1 density, specific gravity, and api gravity density is defined as mass per unit volume of a fluid. While there are many types of crude oil, the oil and gas sector uses these important characteristics to classify them density heavy crude versus light crude, viscosity the degree to which the crude oil resists flow and sulphur content sweet crude is low in sulphur and sour crude is high in sulphur. This media can hold back particles 8 to 10 microns in size and can clean up to 40% of the motor oil. This type tends to be very volatile, evaporating in just a few days, which makes it. However, none of these products would exist without the. According to energy information administration eia, crude oil is classified mainly based on two important parameters, namely the. Wt i is one of the highest quality and, as a result, most expensive types of crude oil available.
A detailed guide on the many different types of crude oil by. Light oils these include grade 1 and grade 2 fuel oils, diesel fuel oils as well as most domestic fuel oils. Nov 15, 2017 as we have now established, crude oil is a term used to describe many different types of raw oil extracted from the ground. Nov 26, 2019 the quality of crude oil varies, especially in different geographical regions. Study and evaluation for different types of sudanese crude oil properties. Plants, ferns, trees, and algae formed peat which over millions of years turned into petroleum crude oil, natural gas, and coal. Two of the most important quality characteristics are density and sulfur content.
A detailed guide on the many different types of crude oil oilprice. Crude oil distillation is more complicated than product distillation, in part because crude oils contain water, salts, and suspended solids. The pricing of crude oil reserve bank of australia. But did you know that some crude oil is thin and almost colourless. In the market, it is available in refined form as well as filtered form. Crude oil characteristics research sampling, analysis and. Typically, disposable oil filters have cellulose filter media. Refinery equipment high tan crude oils are characterised by. Psulphur, oxygen, carbondioxide, nitrogen and trace metals. There are different standards for oil in different gegraphical regions, for example west texas intermediate wti, brent and. Different types of oil groundnut oil peanut oil this is one of the most commonly consumed oils india, particularly in the rural areas.
The hydrocarbons in crude oil can generally be divided into four categories. The market value of an individual crude stream reflects its quality characteristics. It may seem like there is only one kind of this oil but fact is, crude oil is classified into different types. Refineries exist to convert crude oil into finished petroleum products. Spot prices and futures prices are different quotes for different. When different types of crude oil are mixed, api cannot be used for any thing other than as a measure of fluid density. Let us see the processing requirements for different types of crude oil and the cost benefit of processing the same.
One of the largest and major classifications of crude oil is brent blend, which is found in the north sea. Although the market for oil is global, oil trading has clustered around several primary regions. In the international petroleum industry, crude oil products are traded on various oil bourses. Petroleum products are produced from the processing of crude oil and other liquids at petroleum refineries, from the extraction of liquid hydrocarbons at natural gas. Pdf 1 crude oil futures trading basics why trade futures. Crude oils from various origins contain different types of aromatic compounds.
The energy information administration projects that u. Brent is actually a combination of crude oil from 15 different oil fields in the brent and north sea areas. Liquid petroleum pumped from oil wells is called crude or crude oil. In fact, there are many different grades and varieties of crude. Types of crude oil the contents of a barrel of crude oil may seem straightforward a dark, thick substance used for heat and fuel. Within the industry, we categorize these different types into four main categories based on three factors. Oil is used to power our vehicles, to create medicines that keep us healthy, and to make the plastics, cosmetics, and other personal products that enhance our daily lives.
Mar 01, 2018 let us see the processing requirements for different types of crude oil and the cost benefit of processing the same. Hydrogen is another major component that makes up as much as % of crude oil. A partial listing of the worlds crude oils is listed. Opec oil serves as a combination of seven different types of crude oil coming from saudi arabia, nigeria, algeria, dubai, venezuela, indonesia and mexican isthmus. The market is incredibly active, and it is well known to traders around the world. Jet fuel, gasoline, kerosene, petroleum ether, petroleum spirit, and petroleum naphtha. The crude oil in each of these regions has slightly different characteristics, typically referred to in terms of viscosity light versus heavy and sulfur content sweet versus sour. At the molecular level, crude oil is composed predominantly of carbon, which can make up as much of 87% of the material. Each crude oil reservoir and stream has unique pro.
These characteristics mostly lead the price paid for different types of crude oils. Crude oil consists of mostly hydrocarbons, but to different extent also of oxygene, nitrogen and helium. When an oil spill occurs, responders consider factors such as oil toxicity, rate of oil spreading, and length of time for oil to break down. The quality of crude oil varies, especially in different geographical regions. There are different standards for oil in different gegraphical regions, for example west texas intermediate wti, brent and omani blend. Jul 06, 2017 crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons, often found together with natural gas. The crude oil in each of these regions has slightly different characteristics, typically referred to in terms of viscosity light versus heavy and. With that said, the four main types of crude oil are. Humans, fish, and other forms of plant and animal life face the danger of toxicity. Crude oils have different quality characteristics today in. It was formed from the remains of sea animals and plants that lived millions of years. Brent is actually a blend of crude oil from 15 different oil fields the north sea. In fact, there are more than 300 different types of crude oil produced around the world, all of which have different characteristics graph 1. Different types of crude oil yield a different mix of products, depending on the crude oil s natural qualities.
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